{"id":2110,"date":"2024-12-16T21:05:03","date_gmt":"2024-12-16T13:05:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.821121.com\/?p=2110"},"modified":"2025-05-09T22:15:32","modified_gmt":"2025-05-09T14:15:32","slug":"oracle-database%e5%ae%a1%e8%ae%a1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.821121.com\/?p=2110","title":{"rendered":"Oracle Database\u5ba1\u8ba1"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e0bOracle\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3001\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff08FGA\uff09<\/p>\n

\u4e00.\u7c97\u7c92\u5ea6\u5ba1\u8ba1\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/h1>\n

1.\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7ea7\u522b\uff1a<\/h2>\n

\u8bed\u53e5\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff08stmt\uff09\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u5ba1\u8ba1\u67d0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u6307\u5b9a\u7ed3\u6784\u6216\u5bf9\u8c61\u3002
\n\u6743\u9650\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff08privs\uff09\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u5ba1\u8ba1\u6267\u884c\u76f8\u5e94\u52a8\u4f5c\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6743\u9650\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002
\n\u5b9e\u4f53\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff08obj\uff09\uff1a\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u5bf9\u6307\u5b9a\u6a21\u5f0f\u4e0a\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u6307\u5b9a\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002
\n\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6267\u884c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8bed\u53e5\u5206\u4e3a\u6210\u529f\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff08Whenever Successful\uff09\u3001\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff08Whenever NOT Successful\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u65e0\u8bba\u6210\u529f\u4e0e\u5426\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff08\u9ed8\u8ba4\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002
\n\u6839\u636e\u7528\u6237\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u6267\u884c\u6b21\u6570\uff0c\u5ba1\u8ba1\u53c8\u5206\u4e3a\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5168\u4f53\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\uff08By Session\uff09\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3001\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e00\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5168\u4f53\u7528\u6237\u5b58\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08By Access\uff09\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002
\n\u67d0\u4e00\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5168\u4f53\u7528\u6237\u7684\u4f1a\u8bdd\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8868\u793a\u7528\u6237\u8bed\u53e5\u6bcf\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e00\u6b21\uff1b\u67d0\u4e00\u7528\u6237\u6216\u5168\u4f53\u7528\u6237\u5b58\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8868\u793a\u76f8\u540c\u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u65f6\uff0c\u6bcf\u6267\u884c\u4e00\u6b21\u5c31\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e00\u6b21\u3002
\n\u5f53\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\u529f\u80fd\u88ab\u542f\u52a8\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u7528\u6237\u8bed\u53e5\u6267\u884c\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u4f1a\u81ea\u52a8\u4ea7\u751f\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4fe1\u606f\u4e2d\u5305\u62ec\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u65e5\u671f\u3001\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u95f4\u7b49\u4fe1\u606f\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53c2\u6570\uff1a<\/h2>\n

audit_trail=none|false|db|true|os
\nnone,false\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u540c\uff0cdb,true\u6548\u679c\u76f8\u540c\uff0cos\u5c06\u7ed3\u679c\u5b58\u653e\u5230audit_dump_file\u53c2\u6570\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4e0b\u3002
\naudit_sys_operations=false|true \u662f\u5426\u542f\u52a8\u5bf9sysdba,sysoper\u8eab\u4efd\u7684\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u8bed\u6cd5\uff1a<\/h2>\n

audit stmt opts|privs opts|obj opts by users by session|access whenever [not] successful;<\/p>\n

4.\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a<\/h2>\n

\u8bed\u53e5\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/h3>\n

\u8bed\u53e5\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u5ba1\u8ba1\u67d0\u79cd\u7c7b\u578b\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ba1\u8ba1\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ba1\u8ba1\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u3002\u8bed\u53e5\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\nAUDIT SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u9009\u9879 [by \u7528\u6237\u540d] [by session|access] [whenever [NOT] successful;
\n\"file\"
\n\"file\"
\n\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u65f6\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5199\u51fa\u5168\u90e8\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u5199\u51fa\u8bed\u53e5\u7684\u9009\u9879\u5373\u53ef\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201cby \u7528\u6237\u540d\u201d\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u5ba1\u8ba1\u6307\u5b9a\u7528\u6237\u7684SQL\u8bed\u53e5\uff0c\u4e0d\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u6237\u3002\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u51fa\u7528\u6237\u540d\u65f6\uff0c\u5219\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5168\u4f53\u7528\u6237\u3002
\naudit table by scott; \u8868\u793ascott\u7528\u6237\u5728\u6267\u884cCreate Table\u3001Drop Table\u3001Truncate Table\u64cd\u4f5c\u65f6\u5c06\u88ab\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002
\naudit table; \u8868\u793a\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u6267\u884c\u8be5\u7c7b\u578b\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u90fd\u88ab\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u201cby session\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6309\u4f1a\u8bdd\u65b9\u5f0f\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u4f1a\u8bdd\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u8bed\u53e5\u53ea\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002
\n\u201cby access\u201d\u8868\u793a\u6309\u5b58\u53d6\u65b9\u5f0f\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8bed\u53e5\u90fd\u5c06\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002
\n\u201cwhenever successful\u201d\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u5ba1\u8ba1\u6210\u529f\u8bed\u53e5\u3002
\n\u201cwhenever not successful\u201d\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u8bed\u53e5\u3002<\/p>\n

audit table by scott by access;\uff08\u5ba1\u8ba1scott\u7528\u6237\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u5bf9\u8868\u7684CREATE\u3001DROP\u3001Truncate\u64cd\u4f5c\uff09\u3002
\naudit table by scott by session;\uff08\u5ba1\u8ba1scott\u7528\u6237\u5bf9\u8868\u7684CREATE\u3001DROP\u3001Truncate\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\u3002
\naudit session by tax02 by session whenever not successful;\uff08\u5ba1\u8ba1tax02\u7528\u6237\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\u3002
\naudit session by tax01,tax02;\uff08\u5ba1\u8ba1tax01\uff0ctax02\u7528\u6237\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\uff0c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u53ea\u8bb0\u5f55\u4e00\u6b21\uff09\u3002
\naudit session whenever not successful;(\u5ba1\u8ba1\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u4fe1\u606f)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5bf9\u4e8e\u54ea\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u90fd\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u8bed\u53e5\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u53ca\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7684\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u8981\u4ee5sys\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u67e5\u8be2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f53\u4e0d\u518d\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528noaudit\u547d\u4ee4\uff0c\u628a\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\u53d6\u6d88\u3002
\nnoaudit SQL\u8bed\u53e5\u6216\u9009\u9879 [by \u7528\u6237\u540d] [by session|access] [Whenever [NOT] Successful];<\/p>\n

\u6743\u9650\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1<\/h3>\n

\u6743\u9650\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8868\u793a\u53ea\u5ba1\u8ba1\u67d0\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u6743\u9650\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ba1\u8ba1\u67d0\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6743\u9650\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ba1\u8ba1\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6743\u9650\u3002\u6743\u9650\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\nAudit \u6743\u9650\u540d\u79f0 [by \u7528\u6237\u540d] [by session|Access] [Whenever [NOT] Successful];<\/p>\n

\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n

audit delete any table whenever not successful;\uff08\u5ba1\u8ba1\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u7684DELETE ANY TABLE\u6743\u9650\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002\naudit create table whenever not successful;\uff08\u5ba1\u8ba1\u6240\u6709\u7528\u6237\u4e0d\u6210\u529f\u7684CREATE TABLE\u6743\u9650\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u51b5\uff09\u3002\naudit alter any table,alter any procedure by scott by access whenever not successful;\naudit create user by tax02 whenever not successful;<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u5bf9\u54ea\u4e9b\u7528\u6237\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u6743\u9650\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1\u53ca\u5ba1\u8ba1\u9009\u9879\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u67e5\u8be2\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178DBA_PRIV_AUDIT_OPTS\uff0c\u8be5\u6570\u636e\u5b57\u5178\u5fc5\u987b\u4ee5sys\u7528\u6237\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8fdb\u884c\u67e5\u8be2\u3002
\n\u5f53\u4e0d\u518d\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u6743\u9650\u8fdb\u884c\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65f6\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528noaudit\u547d\u4ee4\u53d6\u6d88\u5bf9\u7528\u6237\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3002\u53d6\u6d88\u7528\u6237\u6743\u9650\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7684\u547d\u4ee4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\nnoaudit \u6743\u9650\u540d\u79f0 [by \u7528\u6237\u540d] [by session|access] [whenever [NOT] Successful];<\/p>\n
\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a<\/p>\n
noaudit alter any table,alter any procedure by scott by access whenever not successful;\nnoaudit create user by tax02 whenever not successful;\nnoaudit create table whenever not successful;<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u5ba1\u8ba1\u505c\u6b62\u540e\uff0c\u7528\u6237\u6240\u8fdb\u884c\u7684\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c06\u4e0d\u518d\u8bb0\u5f55\u3002<\/p>\n
5.\u67e5\u770b\u5ba1\u8ba1\u7ed3\u679c\uff1a<\/h2>\n
dba_audit_trail;
\nDBA_AUDIT_TRAIL displays all standard audit trail entries.
\ndba_audit_session;
\nDBA_AUDIT_SESSION displays all audit trail records concerning CONNECT and DISCONNECT.
\ndba_audit_object;
\nDBA_AUDIT_OBJECT displays audit trail records for all objects in the database.<\/p>\n
6.\u67e5\u770b\u521b\u5efa\u4e86\u54ea\u4e9b\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff1a<\/h2>\n
dba_obj_audit_opts;\uff08\u5b9e\u4f53\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff09
\ndba_priv_audit_opts;\uff08\u6743\u9650\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff09
\ndba_stmt_audit_opts;\uff08\u8bed\u53e5\u7ea7\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff09<\/p>\n
7.\u53d6\u6d88\u5ba1\u8ba1(\u5c06\u539f\u6709\u7684audit\u8bed\u53e5\u7684audit\u6362\u6210noaudit\u6267\u884c\u5373\u53ef)\uff1a<\/h2>\n
noaudit all;
\nnoaudit all privileges;
\nnoaudit update,delete on table_name [by username];<\/p>\n
8.\u5220\u9664\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8bb0\u5f55\uff1a<\/h2>\n
delete from sys.aud$ where timestamp#<sysdate-100;<\/p>\n
\u4e8c.\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u5ba1\u8ba1\uff08FGA\uff09\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/h1>\n
\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u7684\u5ba1\u8ba1\u4f7f\u7528DBMS_FGA\u5305\u5b8c\u6210\u914d\u7f6e\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7ec6\u7c92\u5ea6\u5ba1\u8ba1\u9664\u4e86\u5ba1\u8ba1\u529f\u80fd\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u7ed1\u5b9a\u53d8\u91cf\u503c\u7684\u6355\u83b7\uff0c\u4e0b\u9762\u7b80\u5355\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e00\u4e0bDBMS_FGA\u5305\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff1a<\/p>\n
SQL> desc dbms_fga\n\nPROCEDURE ADD_POLICY\n\n Argument Name                  Type                    In\/Out Default?\n\n ------------------------------ ----------------------- ------ --------\n\n OBJECT_SCHEMA                  VARCHAR2                IN     DEFAULT\n\n OBJECT_NAME                    VARCHAR2                IN\n\n POLICY_NAME                    VARCHAR2                IN\n\n AUDIT_CONDITION                VARCHAR2                IN     DEFAULT\n\n AUDIT_COLUMN                   VARCHAR2                IN     DEFAULT\n\n HANDLER_SCHEMA                 VARCHAR2                IN     DEFAULT\n\n HANDLER_MODULE                 VARCHAR2                IN     DEFAULT\n\n ENABLE                         BOOLEAN                 IN     DEFAULT\n\n STATEMENT_TYPES                VARCHAR2                IN     DEFAULT\n\n AUDIT_TRAIL                    BINARY_INTEGER          IN     DEFAULT\n\n AUDIT_COLUMN_OPTS              BINARY_INTEGER          IN     DEFAULT\n\nPROCEDURE DISABLE_POLICY\n\n Argument Name                  Type                    In\/Out Default?\n\n ------------------------------ ----------------------- ------ --------\n\n OBJECT_SCHEMA                  VARCHAR2                IN     DEFAULT\n\n OBJECT_NAME                    VARCHAR2                IN\n\n POLICY_NAME                    VARCHAR2                IN\n\nPROCEDURE DROP_POLICY\n\n Argument Name                  Type                    In\/Out Default?\n\n ------------------------------ ----------------------- ------ --------\n\n OBJECT_SCHEMA                  VARCHAR2                IN     DEFAULT\n\n OBJECT_NAME                    VARCHAR2                IN\n\n POLICY_NAME                    VARCHAR2                IN\n\nPROCEDURE ENABLE_POLICY\n\n Argument Name                  Type                    In\/Out Default?\n\n ------------------------------ ----------------------- ------ --------\n\n OBJECT_SCHEMA                  VARCHAR2                IN     DEFAULT\n\n OBJECT_NAME                    VARCHAR2                IN\n\n POLICY_NAME                    VARCHAR2                IN\n\n ENABLE                         BOOLEAN                 IN     DEFAULT<\/code><\/pre>\n
\u4ece\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u770b\u51fa\uff0cDBMS_FGA\u5305\u4e3b\u8981\u5305\u62ecADD_POLICY\uff0cENABLE_POLICY\uff0cDISABLE_POLICY\uff0c\u548cDROP_POLICY\u8fd94\u4e2a\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5176\u4e2dADD_POLICY\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u4e5f\u662f\u6700DBMS_FGA\u5305\u4e2d\u6700\u590d\u6742\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u987a\u5e8fADD_POLICY\u5b58\u50a8\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u542b\u4e49\uff1a
\n\"file\"<\/p>\n
\u4e0b\u9762\u4ecb\u7ecd\u51e0\u4e2a\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53c2\u6570\u548c\u89c6\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n
1).SYS.FGA_LOG$\uff1a\u5982\u679caudit_trail\u53c2\u6570\u5305\u542bDB\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5ba1\u8ba1\u8bb0\u5f55\u4f1a\u88ab\u8bb0\u5f55\u5728FGA_LOG$\u8868\u4e2d\u3002
\n2).AUDIT_FILE_DEST\u521d\u59cb\u5316\u53c2\u6570\uff1a\u8bbe\u7f6e\u5ba1\u8ba1\u64cd\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5b58\u653e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002
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